Take — Meaning, Definition & Synonyms

verb noun /ˈtāk/

Meaning & Definition of Take

Take (verb)

  1. to get into one's hands or into one's possession, power, or control
  2. to seize or capture physically
  3. to get possession of (fish or game) by killing or capturing

Take (noun)

  1. a distinct or personal point of view, outlook, or assessment; also, a distinct treatment or variation
  2. an act or the action of taking
  3. the uninterrupted photographing or televising of a scene

Take (verb) — Senses, Synonyms & Antonyms

  1. to reach for and take hold of by embracing with the fingers or arms

    "take my hand, or we'll get separated in this crowd"

    similar: clasp, grasp, grip, hold, hang on to, lay hold of
    related: clench, cling (to), clutch, hold on (to), catch, nab, seize, snatch
    near: discharge, drop, free, liberate, release, deliver, entrust, give, hand, hand over, pass, relinquish, transfer, transmit, turn over, unhand

  2. to agree to receive whether willingly or reluctantly

    "will you take that call?"

    "took a cut in pay"

    similar: accept, have
    related: accede (to), assent (to), concede (to), confirm, consent (to), OK, ratify, sanction, warrant, acquiesce (to), bow (to), capitulate (to), give in (to), submit (to), succumb (to), surrender (to), yield (to), abide, bear, brook, countenance, endure, shoulder, stand, stick out, stomach, support, sustain, swallow, sweat out, tolerate, adopt, embrace, welcome
    opposite: decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, refuse, reject, spurn, turn down, veto
    near: dissent (to), object (to), oppose, protest, hold off, resist, withstand, combat, contest, fight

  3. to become affected with (a disease or disorder)

    "if you don't cover your head in this weather, you'll take cold and be stuck inside all weekend"

    similar: catch, come down (with), contract, get, go down (with) (chiefly British), sicken (with)
    related: break out (with), die (from), succumb (to), fail, languish, sink, waste (away), weaken, wilt, wither, worsen
    near: come back, gain, heal, mend, recoup, recover, recuperate, snap back, rally, rebound, recover (from), shake (off)

  4. to decide to accept (someone or something) from a group of possibilities

    "you can take the white side this time, since I got to be white for our last chess game"

    similar: cherry-pick, choose, cull, elect, handpick, name, opt (for), pick, prefer, select, single (out), tag
    related: preselect, appoint, designate, fix, mark, nominate, set, tab, tap, accept, adopt, embrace, espouse, settle (on or upon)
    opposite: decline, refuse, reject, turn down
    near: disapprove, negative, repudiate, spurn, discard, jettison, throw away, throw out

  5. to get possession of (something) by giving money in exchange for

    "I'll take two cheeseburgers to go, please"

    similar: buy, cop (slang), pick up, purchase
    related: acquire, gain, garner, get, obtain, procure, secure, win, finance, pay (for), spring (for), barter (for), deal (for), dicker (over), exchange (for), haggle (for), negotiate (about), trade (for), bargain (with), chaffer (with), horse-trade (with), palter (with), bid, offer, rebuy, repurchase
    near: deal (in), market, merchandise, retail, sell, vend

  6. to have as a requirement

    "it will take a lot of courage to stand up for what is right"

    similar: bear, challenge, claim, demand, necessitate, need, require, want, warrant, call for
    related: entail, involve, ask, beg, clamor (for), cry (for), hurt (for), lack, command, enjoin, exact, insist, press, quest, stipulate
    opposite: have, hold
    near: own, possess

  7. to make or have room for

    "I think we can take two more in this elevator"

    similar: accommodate, fit, hold
    related: carry, contain, seat, enclose, encompass, enfold, harbor, house

  8. to produce a desired effect

    "it will be a few hours before this medication takes"

    similar: act, operate, perform, work, take effect, take hold
    related: behave, react, respond, affect, influence, sway, pan out, redound, result
    near: backfire, fizzle

  9. to put up with (something painful or difficult)

    "I can't take anymore of your whining about your former boyfriend"

    similar: abide, absorb, accept, bear, bide (chiefly dialect), brook, countenance, endure, go, hack, handle, meet, pocket, stand, stick out, stomach, support, sustain, sweat out, tolerate, wear (British), live with, lump (it), stand for, tough it out
    related: allow, permit, suffer, swallow, reconcile (to), acquiesce, agree (with or to), assent (to), capitulate, consent (to), respect, submit (to), yield (to)
    near: decline, dismiss, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn, turn down, combat, contest, fight, oppose, resist, avoid, bypass, circumvent, dodge, elude, escape, evade, miss, abstain (from), forbear, refrain (from)

  10. to regard as right or true

    "I think we can take his word for it"

    similar: accept, believe, buy, credit, swallow, trust, set store by
    related: account, accredit, understand, assume, presume, suppose, conclude, deduce, infer
    opposite: disbelieve, discredit, reject
    near: distrust, doubt, misdoubt, mistrust, question, suspect, challenge, dispute

  11. to achieve a victory over

    "I know we can take that team"

    similar: beat, best, conquer, defeat, dispatch, do down (British), get, get around, lick, master, overbear, overcome, overmatch, prevail (over), skunk, stop, subdue, surmount, trim, triumph (over), upend, win (against), worst, get the better of, knock for a loop
    related: sweep, edge (out), nose out, pip (British), annihilate, blow away, blow out, bomb, break, bury, clobber, cream, crush, drub, finish, flatten, overwhelm, rout, shellac, skin, slaughter, smoke (slang), snow under, thrash, trounce, upset, wallop, wax (slang), whip, cap, excel, flourish, score, succeed, knock off, knock over, overpower, overthrow, subjugate, unseat, vanquish, ace (out), better, eclipse, exceed, outdistance, outdo, outfight, outshine, outstrip, overtop, surpass, top, transcend
    opposite: lose (to)
    near: fall, give up, go down, go under, collapse, fail, flop, flunk, fold, wash out

  12. to deal with (something) usually skillfully or efficiently

    "let's take each problem separately"

    similar: address, contend (with), cope (with), field, grapple (with), hack, handle, manage, maneuver, manipulate, negotiate, play, swing, treat, come to grips with, have a grip on
    related: engineer, finesse, jockey, bring off, carry off, carry out, get off, pull, command, direct, guide, steer, control, micromanage, regulate, run, react (to), respond (to)
    near: botch, bungle, foozle, fumble, goof (up), louse up, mess (up), mishandle, muff, scamp

  13. to offer entrance (as to a place, school, or privilege) to

    "the school takes only a small percentage of the thousands of applicants"

    similar: admit, enter, receive
    related: entertain, welcome, fellowship, confirm, ratify
    opposite: ban, bar
    near: decline, disallow, disapprove, dismiss, refuse, reject, blackball, blacklist, ostracize, banish, deport, exile, expel, oust, throw out

  14. to deprive of life

    "I never thought heart disease would take such an athletic and health-conscious person"

    similar: carry off, claim, croak (slang), destroy, dispatch, do in, fell, kill, slay, do away with, do for (chiefly British), make away with
    related: bump off, butcher, cut down, finish, get, ice (slang), knock off, murder, neutralize, off (slang), put away, rub out, scrag, snuff, take out, waste, whack (slang), annihilate, blot out, decimate, kill off, massacre, mow, slaughter, smite, assassinate, execute, martyr, terminate, euthanize, put down, suicide
    opposite: animate
    near: raise, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revive, nurture

Take (noun) — Senses, Synonyms & Antonyms

  1. action or behavior that is done in return to other action or behavior

    "what's your take on the announcement that the senior vice president is taking an early retirement?"

    similar: answer, reaction, reply, response
    related: backlash, kickback, rebound, recoil, reflex, revulsion, rise, counterreaction, counterresponse
    near: action, behavior, cause, effect

  2. the total amount collected or obtained especially at one time

    "who will win the poker tournament and collect the whole take?"

    similar: bounty, catch, haul, yield
    related: bag, earnings, gain, gross, income, net, payoff, proceeds, profit, receipts, return, revenue, winnings, booty, loot, plunder, spoils, swag, appropriation, collection
    near: deduction, loss, subtraction

  3. something belonging to, due to, or contributed by an individual member of a group

    "because there were so many winners of the jackpot, each person's take will be smaller than expected"

    similar: allotment, allowance, cut, end, part, piece, portion, proportion, quota, share, slice, piece of the action
    related: lot, ration, commission, percentage, member, partition, section, segment
    near: aggregate, composite, compound, pool, sum, total, totality, whole

  4. a distinct treatment of something (as a story or a play)

    "despite its contemporary setting, this take on King Lear isn't particularly novel or insightful"

    similar: interpretation, riff, variation
    related: version, adaptation, translation

Related Entry: Take back (verb)

Take back is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take back, not for take.

  1. to solemnly or formally reject or go back on (as something formerly adhered to)

    "I take back what I said about her: she's not the fool I thought she was"

    similar: abjure, abnegate, forswear, recant, renege, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, unsay, withdraw
    related: contradict, deny, disavow, disclaim, disown, gainsay, negate, negative, abandon, bolt, forsake, give up, relinquish, spurn, surrender, controvert, disagree (with), disprove, dispute, rebut, refute, back down, back off, backtrack, disallow, recall, revoke
    opposite: adhere (to)
    near: acknowledge, admit, affirm, assert, avow, claim, contend, declare, maintain, proclaim, profess, state, vouch, vow, back, confirm, defend, endorse, espouse, support, uphold, accept, adopt, embrace

Related Entry: Take down (verb)

Take down is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take down, not for take.

  1. to reduce to a lower standing in one's own eyes or in others' eyes

    "there's no need to take us down by making fun of our clothes"

    similar: abase, chasten, cheapen, debase, degrade, demean, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, foul, humble, humiliate, lower, shame, sink, smirch
    related: abash, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, embarrass, faze, fluster, mortify, nonplus, rattle, belittle, castigate, criticize, cry down, decry, depreciate, detract, diminish, discount, disparage, minimize, put down, ridicule, write off, bad-mouth, defame, defile, libel, malign, slander, affront, insult, censure, condemn, damn, denounce, execrate, reprehend, reprobate
    opposite: aggrandize, canonize, deify, elevate, exalt
    near: acclaim, applaud, boast, celebrate, cheer, cite, commend, compliment, congratulate, decorate, eulogize, extol, fete, hail, honor, laud, praise, salute, tout, acknowledge, recognize, highlight, play up, spotlight, dignify, ennoble, enshrine, ensky, enthrone, glorify, magnify, advance, boost, lift, promote, raise, upgrade, uplift, idealize, romanticize

  2. to take apart

    "electricians will take down all the lights for the set after the play has finished its run"

    similar: break down, demount, disassemble, dismantle, dismember, dismount, knock down, strike
    related: detach, disengage, break up, disaggregate, disarticulate, disconnect, disjoin, disjoint, dissever, disunite, divide, separate
    opposite: assemble, construct
    near: build, erect, pitch, combine, unite

  3. to make a written note of

    "took down the customer's contact information"

    similar: jot (down), log, mark, note, put down, record, register, report, set down, write down
    related: chronicle, minute, transcribe, enregister, enter, inscribe, chalk (up), notch, score

Related Entry: Take in (verb)

Take in is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take in, not for take.

  1. to cause to believe what is untrue

    "a fellow passenger on the cruise completely took me in when he claimed to be the owner of a major software company"

    similar: bamboozle, beguile, bluff, buffalo, burn, catch, con, cozen, deceive, delude, dupe, fake out, fool, gaff, gammon, gull, have, have on (chiefly British), hoax, hoodwink, hornswoggle, humbug, juggle, misguide, misinform, mislead, snooker, snow, spoof, string along, suck in, sucker, trick, do a number on, lead one down the garden path, pull one's leg, pull the wool over one's eyes
    related: kid, put on, tease, bleed, cheat, chisel, defraud, diddle, euchre, fleece, flimflam, hustle, mulct, rook, shortchange, skin, squeeze, stick, sting, swindle
    opposite: undeceive
    near: debunk, expose, reveal, show up, uncloak, uncover, unmask, disclose, divulge, tell, unveil, disabuse, disenchant, disillusion

  2. to have as part of a whole

    "this report takes in all the latest information on the subject"

    similar: carry, comprehend, contain, embrace, encompass, entail, include, involve, number, subsume
    related: comprise, consist (of), bracket, have, hold, own, possess, admit, receive, compose, constitute, form, make, assimilate, embody, incorporate, integrate
    opposite: exclude, leave (out), miss out (British), omit
    near: ban, bar, debar, preclude, prevent, prohibit, deny, refuse, reject, eliminate, except, rule out, lose, mislay, misplace

  3. to provide with living quarters or shelter

    "took in the stray dog"

    similar: accommodate, bestow, billet, bivouac, board, bunk, camp, chamber, domicile, encamp, harbor, house, lodge, put up, quarter, roof, room, shelter
    related: ensconce, home, roost, secure, shed, stable, tent, barrack, bed (down)
    near: eject, evict

Related Entry: Take-no-prisoners (adjective)

Take-no-prisoners is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take-no-prisoners, not for take.

  1. having or showing a lack of sympathy or tender feelings

    "a theater critic with a take-no-prisoners approach to reviewing Broadway's latest offerings"

    similar: affectless, callous, case-hardened, cold-blooded, compassionless, desensitized, hard, hard-boiled, hard-hearted, heartless, indurate, inhuman, inhumane, insensate, insensitive, ironhearted, merciless, obdurate, pachydermatous, pitiless, remorseless, ruthless, slash-and-burn, soulless, stony, stonyhearted, thick-skinned, uncharitable, unfeeling, unmerciful, unsparing, unsympathetic
    related: boorish, heedless, inconsiderate, thoughtless, uncaring, unfriendly, unloving, unthinking, grim, hard-bitten, harsh, heavy-handed, ironfisted, ironhanded, jackbooted, knock-down, drag-out, oppressive, rough, rough-and-tumble, severe, sledgehammer, stern, tough, ungentle, abusive, acrimonious, disagreeable, hateful, ill-natured, ill-tempered, malevolent, malicious, mean, rancorous, spiteful, surly, virulent, barbarous, bestial, brutal, brutish, cruel, evil-minded, savage, vicious, austere, cold, frosty
    opposite: charitable, compassionate, humane, kindhearted, kindly, merciful, sensitive, softhearted, sympathetic, tender, tenderhearted, warm, warmhearted
    near: benevolent, benignant, gentle, kind, clement, indulgent, lenient, mild, cordial, friendly, good-natured, good-tempered, gracious, tolerant, understanding, affectionate, fond, loving

Related Entry: Take off (verb)

Take off is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take off, not for take.

  1. to leave a place often for another

    "I can only stay for a few minutes, and then I'll need to take off again"

    similar: bail, bail out, begone, book (slang), bug off, bug out, bugger off (British slang), buzz (off), clear off (chiefly British), clear out, cut out, depart, dig out, exit, get, get off, go, go off, move, pack (up or off), part, peel off, pike (out or off), pull out, push off, push on, quit, run along, sally (forth), scarper (British), shove (off), step (along), vamoose, walk out, beat it, hit the road, pull stakes, take a hike, take a powder
    related: set out, start, strike out, abscond, decamp, escape, evacuate, flee, fly, get out, mizzle (chiefly British), run away, scat, scram, skip, go out, light out, step out, abandon, desert, forsake, vacate, emigrate, adjourn, remove, retire, retreat, withdraw
    opposite: arrive, come, show up, turn up
    near: abide, dwell, lodge, remain, settle, stay, tarry, approach, close, near, hit, land, reach

  2. to rid oneself of (a garment)

    "take off your coat and stay awhile"

    similar: doff, douse, peel (off), put off, remove, shrug off
    related: husk, shed, kick (off), disrobe, strip, undress
    opposite: don, put on, slip (into), throw (on)
    near: wear, apparel, array, attire, bedeck, clothe, dress, garb, rig, robe, suit

  3. to take away (an amount or number) from a total

    "the store will take an additional 20% off if you bring in this coupon"

    similar: abate, deduct, knock off, subtract
    related: decrease, diminish, discount, downsize, dwindle, knock down, lessen, lower, reduce, abbreviate, abridge, clip, crop, curtail, cut, cut back, cut down, dock, pare, prune, retrench, shorten, slash, trim, truncate, whittle
    opposite: add, tack (on)
    near: adjoin, annex, append, complement, supplement, enhance, heighten, intensify, magnify, aggrandize, amplify, augment, beef (up), boost, compound, enlarge, escalate, expand, increase, multiply, raise

  4. to remove valuables from (a place) unlawfully

    "a gangbanger who decided to take off some fast-food joint"

    similar: burglarize, burgle, knock off, knock over, rip off, rob, steal (from)
    related: ransack, rifle, despoil, loot, pillage, plunder, ravish, sack, spoil, strip, bleed, break in, cheat, chisel, cozen, defraud, exploit, fleece, hustle, mulct, pluck, rook, shortchange, skin, squeeze, stick, sting, swindle, hold up, mug, roll, stick up

Related Entry: Take on (verb)

Take on is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take on, not for take.

  1. to enter into contest or conflict with

    "will take on his chief opponent in the next political debate"

    similar: battle, encounter, engage, face, meet
    related: emulate, rival, contend, fight, oppose
    near: elude, escape, evade, retreat

  2. to provide with a paying job

    "decided to take her on as store manager"

    similar: assume, employ, engage, fee (chiefly Scottish), hire, lay on (chiefly British), pay, place, recruit, retain, sign (up or on)
    related: reemploy, reengage, rehire, apprentice, contract, job, partner, subcontract, enlist, advance, promote, upgrade, keep (on), headhunt, scout
    opposite: ax, can, discharge, dismiss, fire, sack
    near: furlough, lay off, lock out

  3. to take for one's own use (something originated by another)

    "recently arrived immigrants who are eager to take on the language and culture of their adopted homeland"

    similar: adopt, borrow, embrace, espouse, take up, pick up on
    related: domesticate, naturalize, appropriate, arrogate, take over, usurp, absorb, assimilate, incorporate, quote, cherish, prize, treasure, cultivate, follow, heed, honor, use, utilize, bring up, foster, nurture, raise, rear, affect, assume, copy, imitate, pretend, put on, simulate
    near: abandon, forsake, give up, relinquish, surrender, abjure, abnegate, disown, reject, renounce, repudiate, spurn, discard, jettison, junk, throw away, throw out

Related Entry: Take out (verb)

Take out is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take out, not for take.

  1. to find emotional release for

    "he took out his frustrations by splitting a cord of firewood"

    similar: loose, release, unleash, vent, give way (to)
    related: act out, air, express, state, ventilate, voice
    opposite: bottle (up), repress, suppress
    near: control, govern, handle, manage, bridle, check, constrain, contain, curb, hold back, pull in, quell, rein (in), restrain, smother, tame, allay, lull, quiet, soothe, still, choke, inhibit, muffle, pocket, repress, stifle, strangle, swallow

  2. to go on a social engagement with

    "she'd like to take the new boy out to the movies sometime"

    similar: date, go out (with)
    related: accompany, escort, see, court, woo

  3. to take away from a place or position

    "the airline passenger took his laptop computer out of its carrying case"

    similar: clear, draw, remove, withdraw
    related: demount, dislodge, abstract, cut, draw off, draw out, extract, pull, budge, dislocate, displace, disturb, move, shift, transfer, transpose
    opposite: place, position, put
    near: mount, anchor, clamp, fix, hitch, moor, secure, set, embed, entrench, implant, ingrain, lodge, root, set up, site, situate, stick

  4. to put to death deliberately

    "the rumor is that the CIA is planning to take him out before he can seize control of the country"

    similar: assassinate, bump off, croak (slang), dispatch, do in, execute, get, ice (slang), knock off, liquidate, murder, neutralize, off (slang), put away, rub out, slay, snuff, terminate, whack (slang), do away with
    related: blow away, shoot, shoot down, blot out, carry off, claim, cut down, destroy, fell, kill, smite, zap, butcher, massacre, mow (down), slaughter, annihilate, eliminate, eradicate, exterminate, wipe out
    near: animate, raise, restore, resurrect, resuscitate, revive

Related Entry: Take over (verb)

Take over is a different word from Take. The synonyms below are for take over, not for take.

  1. to serve as a replacement usually for a time only

    "I'll take over for her until she gets back from her morning break"

    similar: cover, fill in, pinch-hit, stand in, step in, sub, substitute
    related: understudy, relieve, spell, double (as)

  2. to take to or upon oneself

    "took over the responsibility of caring for the animals"

    similar: accept, assume, bear, shoulder, undertake
    related: adopt, embrace, take up, advocate, back, champion, endorse, espouse, stand by, support, uphold, accede, acquiesce, agree, assent, consent, reaccept, reassume
    opposite: disavow, disclaim, disown, repudiate
    near: abjure, recant, renounce, retract, take back, unsay, withdraw, decline, refuse, reject, spurn, turn down, abstain (from), forbear, refrain (from), avoid, bypass, detour, abandon, abnegate, forsake, give up, relinquish, surrender, back down, back off, backtrack

  3. to take or make use of under a guise of authority but without actual right

    "students protesting the war took over the college's radio station"

    similar: appropriate, arrogate, commandeer, convert, expropriate, pirate, preempt, press, seize, usurp
    related: annex, attach, claim, confiscate, impound, repossess, sequester, assume, collar, grab, grasp, snatch, steal, wrench, wrest, despoil, loot, pillage, encroach, infringe, invade, occupy, preoccupy, trespass, embezzle, misapply, misappropriate, misuse, peculate

Synonyms, Thesaurus & Another Word for Take

The most common words with a similar meaning to Take:

Chiefly British: go down (with), do for
Slang: cop, croak
British: wear, do down
Chiefly dialect: bide
clasp, grasp, grip, hold, accept, have, catch, come down (with), contract, get, sicken (with), cherry-pick, choose, cull, elect, handpick, name, opt (for), pick, prefer, select, single (out), tag, buy, pick up, purchase, bear, challenge, claim, demand, necessitate, need, require, want, warrant, accommodate, fit, act, operate, perform

Antonyms & Opposite Words for Take

Words with the opposite meaning of Take:

decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, refuse, reject, spurn, turn down, veto, have, hold, disbelieve, discredit, lose (to), ban, bar, animate

Related Words for Take

clench, cling (to), clutch, hold on (to), nab, seize, snatch, accede (to), assent (to), concede (to), confirm, consent (to), OK, ratify, sanction, acquiesce (to), bow (to), capitulate (to), give in (to), submit (to), succumb (to), surrender (to), yield (to), shoulder, adopt, embrace, welcome, break out (with), die (from), fail

Near Antonyms of Take

discharge, drop, free, liberate, release, deliver, entrust, give, hand, hand over, pass, relinquish, transfer, transmit, turn over, unhand, dissent (to), object (to), oppose, protest, hold off, resist, withstand, combat, contest, fight, come back, gain, heal, mend

Word Forms of Take

Inflections: took, taken, taking

Derived words: taker (noun)

Origin & Etymology of Take

Middle English, from Old English tacan, from Old Norse taka; akin to Middle Dutch taken to take

First known use: before 12th centuryt

Vocabulary Lists & Topics for Take

Words & Phrases Containing Take

taken, take a back seat, take a bath, take account of, take advantage of, take after, take a hike

Frequently Asked Questions about Take

What does "Take" mean?

"Take" means to get into one's hands or into one's possession, power, or control. As an a verb and a noun, it is defined as: to get into one's hands or into one's possession, power, or control. It has 18 distinct senses.

What is another word for "Take"?

Other words for "Take" include clasp, grasp, grip, hold, accept, have, catch and come down (with). The best synonym depends on which meaning of "Take" you intend.

What are different ways to say "Take"?

There are 409 words and phrases with a similar meaning to "Take". Common alternatives include clasp, grasp, grip, hold, accept, have, catch, come down (with), contract and get.

What is the opposite of "Take"?

Antonyms of "Take" include decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, refuse, reject and spurn. Near antonyms include discharge, drop, free and liberate.

How do you use "Take" in a sentence?

Examples of "Take" in a sentence: "take my hand, or we'll get separated in this crowd"; "will you take that call?"; "took a cut in pay".

Is "Take" a noun, verb, or adjective?

"Take" can be used as a verb and a noun, depending on the context.

Is "Take" useful for IELTS, TOEFL, and other English exams?

As an A1-level word, "Take" is typical of Cambridge A1 Movers (Young Learners), TOEIC Listening & Reading 120+.

How do you pronounce "Take"?

"Take" is pronounced /ˈtāk/.